What we now call, for convenience,
"A Noiseless Patient Spider" could be thought of as an abstraction, a
general term that includes an initial prose jotting, a fascinating
notebook development of the topic, a periodical printing, and various
book printings. Sometime between 1855 and 1863, Whitman recorded his
earliest thoughts on what would ultimately become "A Noiseless Patient
Spider":
First I wish you to realize well that
our boasted
knowledge, precious and
manifold as it is, sinks into
niches
and corners, before the infinite knowledge of
the
unknown. Of the real world of
materials, what, after all,
are these
specks we call knowledge?--Of the
spiritual
world I announce to you
this--much gibberish will always
be
offered and for a season obeyed--all lands, all
times--
the soul will yet feel--but to
make a statement eludes us--
By curious
indirections only can there be any statement
of
the spiritual world--and they will
all be foolish--Have
you noticed the
[worm] on a twig reaching out in
the
immense vacancy time and again,
trying point after point?
Not more
hopelessly does the tongue or the pen of
man,
essay out in the spiritual
spheres, to state them. In the
nature
of things nothing less than the special
world
itself can know
itself--
Scholars have known for
some time that Whitman took his initial tentative idea for an image (his
uncertainty is noted by the brackets he supplied around the word
worm) and developed it in a radically different Civil War
context in
one of his hospital notebooks. Edward Grier, the editor of Whitman's
Notebooks and Unpublised Prose Manuscripts was working at a time
when the particular notebook containing this material was lost. So Grier
attempted to reconstruct it from barely legible photostats made around
1940 or so. But Grier also had the habit of reordering leaves in
the notebooks based an order he thought represented Whitman's
compositional order or that reproduced what he thought was the
continuity of Whitman's argument (by following arrows and other
markers). Yet much of the time Grier is arbitrary about this procedure
and there is little fidelity to the original documents.
The spider early draft as
represented by Grier is contextualized in a fascinating though false
way. Grier has Whitman launching into a draft of poetic lines about the
spider with a distinct homoerotic tinge right after visiting a soldier
whom he describes as young, pretty, almost like a girl. The
juxtaposition is striking and suggestive.
But this isn't how
Whitman's actual notebook appears, as the LOC scans indicate. Instead
Whitman includes material about soldiers--fascinating, important,
moving--at the beginning of the notebook, and then at the end, where he
found some remaining blank pages, he dumped his literary works and
thoughts. He has some notes on Dante's Inferno two pages before
the spider image; Whitman said that he took Dante's hellish book into
the hell of the hospitals. Then we get the "Noiseless Patient Spider"
early draft jottings, and after that we get some lines on "Quicksand
Years" and some thoughts for proposed other poems.
Click below to see Library
of Congress scans of Whitman's original 1862 notebook #94 (please note
that page number sequence omissions reflect blank pages in Whitman's
notebook):
Page
182
Page 187
Page 189
Page 200
Page 201
Page 205
Page 207
Page 209